![]() ![]() The Philippines and Puerto Rico are part of a transoceanic archipelago of colonies that continued under Spanish rule throughout the 19th century, long after the Latin American wars of independence. Rather than responding directly to the nation-state, I show how Martí and Bonifacio carried out more confrontational demands for justice and citizenship through the anti-colonial grito, an alternative language and order characterized by reasoned revolt and solidarity, which was used to shape their visions of a new Cuba and Philippines as the countries underwent dramatic change. I focus particularly on Martí and Bonifacio to highlight the connection between nationalist peasant insurrections, revolutions, and colonialism. The tensions of the time period, for some, sparked revolution – the islands fought for the right to participate on the world stage on their own terms. The works studied are calls to action that reveal the authors’ notions of a national community, serve as unifying mechanisms that foster solidarity, and articulate violent responses to everyday coloniality. ![]() During this time, Martí and Bonifacio represented the voices of the working class through ideals of collectivism and were dedicated to the promotion of liberty, independence, and democracy. This chapter comparatively highlights two manifestos written in the late nineteenth century just before the Cuban and Philippine revolutions against Spain, respectively: the “Manifiesto de Montecristi” by Cuban intellectual and patriot José Martí and “Ang Dapat Mabatid ng Mga Tagalog” (“What the Filipinos Should Know”) by Filipino revolutionary leader Andrés Bonifacio. Published in the following volume: Trans-Pacific Encounters: Asia and the Hispanic World, Ed. ![]()
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